Genital warts are benign, small, flat or slightly raised lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They most commonly occur on the vulva, around the vaginal opening, on the perineum or around the anus, and may occur as single or multiple lesions.
Genital Warts (HPV)
What are genital warts?
Genital warts are benign, small, flat or slightly raised lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They most commonly occur on the vulva, around the vaginal opening, on the perineum or around the anus, and may occur as single or multiple lesions. In most cases, they are caused by HPV types 6 and 11, which are different from the HPV types associated with precancerous changes and cervical cancer.
Do genital warts always need treatment?
Not necessarily. In some cases, genital warts may resolve without treatment. When treatment is required, the choice of treatment depends on the number, size and location of the lesions, as well as the symptoms and individual medical history. Treatment options include topical medications as well as treatments performed in the clinic.
Can genital warts come back?
Yes. Treatment removes the visible lesions, but HPV may remain in the skin for some time. For this reason, new warts may appear, particularly during the first few months after treatment. Recurrence does not necessarily mean that a new HPV infection has occurred.
What about my partner?
HPV testing is not usually recommended for a partner simply because genital warts have been diagnosed. However, if there are visible lesions or other symptoms, a clinical examination is recommended.
Sex and genital warts
HPV can be transmitted even when there are no visible lesions. Condom use reduces the risk of transmission but does not eliminate it completely.
Genital warts and pregnancy
During pregnancy, genital warts may increase in size or number. Their presence alone is not usually an indication for caesarean section. Management is individualised, as some treatments are not suitable during pregnancy.