Disorders of the cervix mainly involve abnormalities of the cervical epithelial cells, which are often associated with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
These abnormalities may be mild, moderate or severe and, without appropriate follow-up, may progress to cervical cancer.
Early diagnosis through screening and colposcopy is a key factor in prevention.
HPV is the most common cause of cervical abnormalities. Certain types of the virus, known as high-risk types, are associated with the development of precancerous lesions.
In most cases:
However, when the infection persists, close surveillance is required.
Precancerous cervical lesions are classified as:
The severity of the lesion determines:
Colposcopy is indicated when there are:
The examination allows precise localisation of abnormalities and targeted biopsy, when required.
Cervical biopsy is performed during colposcopy and represents the most reliable method for confirming the diagnosis.
It is a short procedure, associated with minimal discomfort, and provides valuable information regarding the severity of the lesion.
Management of cervical disorders is individualised and depends on:
In many cases, regular follow-up is sufficient, while in others interventional treatment may be required to prevent progression to cancer.
The aim of treatment is removal of the precancerous lesion and prevention of progression to cervical cancer.
LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone)
LLETZ is one of the most commonly performed treatments for high-grade cervical dysplasia. It is a minimally invasive technique in which the transformation zone of the cervix is excised using a fine electrosurgical loop.
Depending on the individual case, other methods may be selected, such as:
The choice of the appropriate treatment is always individualised and based on international clinical guidelines.
